What’s PVC

PVC material, namely PVC, is a kind of plastic product synthesized by 43% oil and 57% salt. It is one of the largest plastic products in the world with low price and wide application.

1. Introduction

PVC resin is white or light yellow powder, which can not be used alone and must be modified. PVC is a white powder with amorphous structure, less branching degree and poor stability to light and heat. Different additives can be added according to different uses, and PVC plastics can present different physical and mechanical properties. 

2. Material information

The full name of PVC is polyvinylchloride. Its main component is PVC. Other components can be added to enhance its heat resistance, toughness, ductility, etc. The top layer of the surface film is paint, the main component in the middle is PVC, and the bottom layer is adhesive. It is one of the most popular and widely used synthetic materials in the world. It is the second most widely used synthetic material in the world. 

PVC was first discovered by a famous French scientist (Henri Victor Regnault) in 1835. Later, Fritz Klatte and other chemists tried to change the fragility of PVC to make it a commercial product but failed. Until 1926, Waldo Semon (B.F. Goodrich company) in the United States synthesized PVC and applied for patent in the United States. He solved the fragility of PVC by synthesizing a variety of additives, increased the expansion of PVC material products, and made them have the basis of product commercialization. 

(1) Basic Characteristics

The density of pure PVC is 1.4g/cm3, and the density of PVC plastic material parts with plasticizers and fillers is generally 1.15-2.00g/cm3. 

UPVC has good tensile, flexural, compressive and impact resistance, which can be used as structural materials alone. The softness, elongation at break and cold resistance of soft PVC will increase, but the brittleness, hardness and tensile strength will decrease. 

PVC has good electrical insulation performance. It can be used as low-frequency insulation material, and its chemical stability is also good. Due to the poor thermal stability of PVC, long-time heating will lead to decomposition, release HCl gas, and make PVC discoloration, so its application range is narrow. The use temperature is generally between -15 and 55 degrees. Compared with other kinds of plastic products, PVC is more effective in using raw materials and reducing fuel consumption. At the same time, the energy consumption of PVC manufacturing industry is very low. And in the later use of PVC products, it can be recycled and converted into other new products or burned to obtain energy. 

(2) Physical Properties

①Specific gravity

1.38g/cm3 

②Molding shrinkage

0.6-1.5% 

③Molding temperature

160-190 ℃ 

④Melting point

212 ℃ 

⑤Features

Excellent mechanical and electrical properties, strong acid and alkali resistance, good chemical stability, but low softening point. It is suitable for making sheet, wire and cable insulation layer, seal, etc.  

(3) Forming Characteristics

① It is amorphous material, low moisture absorption and poor fluidity. In order to improve the fluidity and prevent bubbles, the plastic can be dried in advance. The mold pouring system should be short and thick, the gate section should be large, and there should be no dead angle. The mold should be cooled and the surface should be chrome plated. 

②Due to its corrosion and liquidity characteristics, it is better to use special equipment and molds. All products shall be added with different kinds and quantities of additives as required. 

③It is very easy to decompose. It is easier to decompose when it contacts with steel and copper at 200 ℃. When it decomposes, it escapes corrosive irritant gas. The molding temperature range is small. 

④When the screw type injection machine nozzle is used, the hole diameter should be large to prevent material stagnation at dead angles. It is better not to take insert. If any, the insert should be preheated. 

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